大學生職業生涯規劃翻譯文獻（中英對照）

1 職業生涯規劃

當你準備考慮怎樣計劃自己的職業時，很多人都不是很肯定職業計劃的意思。對我們來説，我們認為確定職業計劃是你在一個選擇的領域內或職業中，有想出一個好的計劃來幫你達到你的目標。

為什麼決定要一個職業目標?一個職業目標將會幫助你決定的想要集中為謀生做的工作。它指導你，激勵你並且幫助你完成你想要達到的目標。一個職業目標設定後，能幫助你集中認真的處理你的工作，並且為你以後想要過的生活做的事情做出決定。一個職業目標可能是一位具體的像工作那樣的一位辦事員或者老師，再者一個職業目標可能是你想要工作的一個特別的領域，例如運輸或者教育。

事業目標也許幫助你發現你的天分、技能和能力。你從來不會想過你會擁有一些特殊的技能。許多工作可能性存在於你選擇的任一事業。有事業目標可能引導你，寧可做你想要做的工作。好好地過你的生活，而不是無目的地從一個工作到另一個工作的漂移。一旦你選擇了一種事業，它將會是對你有益處的戰略計劃，認真地考慮以後的職業生涯，以找到你需要採取的行動，來實現你的目標和步驟。未來是變化莫測的，但是，你應該做事業目標和仍然計劃必要的步驟，以更好的實現你的目標。

2 期望與失望

每個目標都是一個被期望的或渴望想要得到的結果，我們稱這為期望。我們的期望幫助保留我們的動力。當我們體會了我們的目標真正的含義，我們經常感覺喜悦和滿意。我們大家有期望和失望。在考慮我們的目標設計的過程中，我們必須隨時準備着有失望。事業規劃簡單地説是目標計劃以設置目標的意圖為工作和用某些方式來進行我們的工作的領域。你更多懂得它怎麼運作，使你可能更好的達到預期的目標，由運用過程將給你帶來一些方便。事業規劃簡單地應該是目標計劃後，為工作和事業設置目標的意圖。為了保持競爭力，你需要以可能靈活。敏捷的運用你的技能，並且不斷的增加你自身的技能，以增強競爭力。你能做的一些事是：去學校和老師溝通，採取專題學術討論會或研討會，跟上行業雜誌趨勢和博學多才的學者談話，瞭解社會的最新動向。今天，它是根據我們的關心程度和時間安排為我們採取某種訓練以熟悉全部的形式。當我談到訓練或技巧，我不是僅談論到像組織和時間安排，雖然這些很重要。但是，壓力處理，解決問題，風險採取，和克服耽擱，命名一些對達到你的目標有幫助的同等重要的事情。

3 事業規劃的重要性

我們假設你選擇的工作領域。事業規劃不是對那個領域進行基礎的一次性的規劃，而是一個持續的過程;實際上，你能稱它終身過程，在人的一生中不斷的在進行着。我們是在不斷的事業規劃中成長與學習。並且如同我們，我們的興趣和需要總是不斷的在改變，事業規劃不是僅僅製造好的方案來使你的工作或事業更完美，而是幫助你做許多目標設計來調整你的工作走向，使你能更好的理解你的世界和工作的運作。

事業規劃是預計，預言和計算所有有可能幫助你的目標的步驟，在這個過程中，你會一直做出不同的選擇。當你選擇一個而放棄另一個時，這叫機會成本。機會成本是當你做出選擇而放棄另一件事情時，你將會錯過這件事帶給你的好處。在事業規劃中，我們需要記住的是我們的機會成本和總考慮到將來我們的生活中可能發生的事情，那些事業成功的人知道自己的工作將會怎麼發展。如同你比起看工作職位及艱苦的工作環境，更喜歡瞭解事業規劃的流程。

事業規劃是一個過程，是一個持續不斷運行的週期運動。當你渴望你的事業有所變化，那麼這個過程可能會重覆許多次。在計劃你的事業時，設法找到能是為你輔導和協助你走正確路的人。事業規劃和所有的目標調協和計劃都是一樣的。區別是，你會將你的事業和工作目標從你可以得到的所有目標中分開來設計。

多數人不願將他們的願望和夢想聯繫實際，是因為他們不去實現他們的願望和夢想以及不做一定的目標計劃，目標是一個最終達到的夢想。

人們不為他們自己設計職業目標有很多原因。最大的原因是他們不瞭解什麼是目標設置，目標設置的過程是技巧。我們大家在自己的生活中做一些目標來實現這些目標。但多數這些不是大的目標或改變生活的目標，像進入商業。改變的事業，或者變得富裕，寫小説，或者去做一個高級檢查員主管等，或者在你工作的領域裏成為一個專家，避免這些事業規劃中出現的錯誤。當你還是一個孩子，你嚮往的是做一個醫生，宇航員或公主。而是當你逐漸變老，“等你長大了想做什麼”的問題仍然會繼續圍繞着你，“我今年20歲”你可能想説“我怎麼樣才能知道我想要成為什麼人?”

是否要等你真正進入大學或當你準備畢業時，才開始事業目標規劃呢，其實現在正是時候開始考慮你的事業規劃。當一些書籍無法告訴你怎麼選擇你的職業方向時，donald asher在他的書裏講述了一些怎麼樣避免共同的事業規劃差錯，以及怎麼得到一個喜歡的工作。

(1) .不要混淆什麼是你喜歡做的工作與什麼是你善長做的工作。如果你柔滑的聲音，你不需要在婚禮上才唱你的生命之歌，或者如果你在用香料方面有一種離奇的功能，你也不一定要成為廚師。首先開始你的事業興趣蒐集，先拿出兩張紙，分別在每張紙上寫下你喜歡做的工作和善長做的工作。選擇其中一個最合適的工作。雖然它也許要求更多深入的探索，紙上寫的什麼是你最喜歡最重要的。為什麼?由於如果你喜歡做某件事，你將為它做更多的事，而不僅僅為一張規劃而支付薪金的支票。你將經常做這個工作，並且會在訓練中投資，當做這件事情遇到困難時，你也會不顧一切的想去克服它，想去完成它。你將會一直做這個工作，到你善長這個工作。而且還遠遠不止這些。

(2) .不要混淆副業與正業。如果你剛剛做了兩張紙，並且會發現你喜愛跑。法律，讀書和籃子編織。現在你又開始苦惱。困惑怎麼結合所有這些方面來完成一項工作。你不需要擔心，相信你的工作發源滿足你是事業錯誤的一個共源極。説實在的，這並不意味你無法愛你的工作，你能有活動和愛好(副業)，全部堆在它頂部。例如，你也許愛跳舞但你知道你無法將跳舞作為你今後謀生的事業。跳舞將作為你一個巨大的事業。你能繼續以跳舞為樂趣，但卻從你每天的工作中分開了。

(3) .不要混淆工作中的部分與整體。什麼事是你喜歡作，但不一定必須做，他們經常喜歡做什麼，相信他們必須成為它而不是做它的人們在辨認此事。一個共同的例子是某人喜歡寫。而不是尋找機會做文字，他認為他必須成為作家。他只追求文字為事業你小説家，新聞工作者或翻譯工作者，能代替的是，他可以變成的是部長，公共關係助理，編輯或政府遊説者。

4 大學生職業生涯規劃

不管你是剛剛邁進大學校門的新生，抑或是正在奔忙於各種招聘會的畢業生，對自己本身的正確定位，規劃自己的職業方向，確定自己的目標，並進而做出相應的努力，都是勢在必行的.正是源於此，“大學生職業生涯規劃”這個理念是具有積極意義的。

一年級為試探期:要初步瞭解職業，提高人際溝通能力。大一學習任務不重，應多參加學校活動，增加交流技巧，但不要盲目地參加。

二年級為定向期:應考慮未來是否深造或就業，通過參加學生會或社團等組織，鍛鍊自己的能力，同時檢驗自己的知識技能;提高自己的責任感，主動性和受挫能力，並開始有選擇地輔修其他專業的知識來填充自己。

三年級為衝刺期:臨近畢業，目標應鎖定在提高求職技能，收集公司信息，並確定自己是否要考研。要積極鍛鍊自己得到獨立解決問題的能力和創造性;積極常識並加入校友網絡，瞭解往年的求職情況;希望出國留學的學生，可多接觸留學顧問，參與留學系列活動。

四年級為分化期:目標應鎖定在工作申請及成功就業上。這時可先對前三年的準備做一個總結:首先檢驗自己已確立的職業目標是否明確，前三年的準備是否充分;然後開始畢業後工作的申請，積極參加招聘活動，在實踐中檢驗自己的積累和準備;最後，預習或模擬面試。積極利用學校提供的條件，強化求職技巧，進行模擬面試等訓練，儘可能地做出充分準備。

大學生進行職業生涯規劃時，要自我進行發展定位，根據自己的能力，設計適合自己的目標，在長短不同時期要有個不同的計劃，否則只是空想，不現實的。在設計過程中要以自己為主，不要自以為是，同時要參閲專家的意見，讓設計切合實際，可操作性強，最好藉助正規的專業機構。

總之，科學合理的職業生涯規劃是每一個大學生就業的必要工作，也是每一個大學生職業生涯發展過程中的必然要求。我們每一個人都應該知道自己適合做什麼，應該做什麼，以及怎樣實現自己的目標。

career planning

authors： tom attwater

sources :the futurist november –decemberXX,

1 career planning

what comes to your mind when you think about career planning? many people aren’t sure what career planning means. for our purposes we will define career planning as “a goal that you desire to achieve in a selected field or occupation with a well thought out plan to get you there.”

why decide on a career goal? a career goal helps you focus and make decisions on what you want to do for a living. it directs you, motivates you and helps you to accomplish what you want. a career goal helps you focus and make decisions on what you want to do for a living. a career goal can be a specific job—such as a clerk or teacher—or a career goal can be a particular field you want to work in, such as transportation or education.

a career goal may help you discover your talent, skills and abilities and possibilities that you wouldn't have thought of. many possibilities exist with any career you choose. having a career goal can guide you to doing what you want to do in your life—rather than just aimlessly drifting from job to job. once you choose a career, it would be to your advantage to think strategically about the steps you need to take to accomplish your goal. the future is unpredictable; however, you should still make career goals and plan the necessary steps to your goal.

2 expectation and disappointments

with every goal there is an anticipated desired outcome. we call this an expectation. our expectations help keep us

motivated. when we realize our goal, we often feel joy and satisfaction. all of us have expectations and disappointments. in the process in thinking about our goals, we have to be prepared to have disappointments.

career planning is simply goal planning with the intention of setting goals for jobs and world we live in works in certain ways. the more one knows how it works, the better one can achieve those goals by utilizing the processes that give you the advantage. career planning is simply goal planning with the intention of setting goals for jobs and career.

in order to remain competitive you need to be as flexible as you can and continually increase your skills. some things you can do are: go to school, take workshops or seminars, keep up with trade journals and talk to people who are knowledgeable in the field. today, it’s almost mandatory for us to take some form of training all through our care keep up with the times.

when i talk about training or skill, i’m not just talking about things like organization and time management, although these are important. however, stress management, problem solving, risk taking, and overcoming procrastination, to name a few, are equally, if not more important, to getting to your goal.

3 career planning is important

let’s suppose you choose a field. career planning is not planning for that field on a one-time only basis, but it’s a continuing process; in fact, you can call it a lifetime process. we are always learning and growing, and as we do, our

interests and needs also change. career planning is not just making plans to obtain your “perfect” job or career, but to help you make the many adjustments there will be along the way as you learn about you and your world or work.

career planning is estimating, predicting and calculating all the steps necessary to achieving your goals. in the process, you are always making choices. when you choose one alternative over another, this is called an opportunity cost. an opportunity cost is the cost of passing up your next best choice when making a decision. in career planning, we need to always be mindful of our opportunity costs and take into consideration all that will come our way. those who have successful careers understand how the game of work is played. as you can see career planning is more than just looking at jobs and positions and working hard.

career planning is a process and is always ongoing and often runs in cycles. when you desire change in your career, the process can be repeated many times. in planning your career, try to find the people who can be mentors for you and assist you along the way. career planning is no different than any goal setting and planning. the difference is that you are specifically separating your career and job goals from all other goals you may have.

the reason most people do not turn their wishes and dreams into reality is because they don’t take these wishes and dreams and make them goals. a goal is a dream with a deadline.

there are many reasons why people don’t make goals for themselves. the biggest reason is they don’t understand that the process of goal setting is a skill. all of us have made some goals in our life and achieved them. but most of these were not large or life changing goals like going into business, changing careers, becoming wealthy, writing a novel, going from office clerk to a top executive or becoming an expert in your field.

avoid these career planning a kid, you aspired to be a doctor, astronaut or princess. but as you get older, the innocent "what do you want to be when you grow up?" really starts to hit home. "i'm 20 years old," you may want to say. "how am i supposed to know?"

whether you're just entering college or preparing for graduation, now's the time to start thinking about your career. while no single article can tell you how to choose your occupational destiny, donald asher outlines some common career planning mistakes to avoid in his book how to get any job with any major (ten speed press).

(1). confusing what you're good at with what you like to do.

you don't have to spend your life singing at weddings just because you have a silky voice. nor do you have to become a chef because you have an uncanny gift with spices. to jump-start your career search, jot down two lists: one listing what you're good at, and one of things you love to do.

though it might require more soul searching, the list of what you enjoy is the most important. why? because if you enjoy doing something, you'll do it for more than just a regular paycheck. you'll do it more often, you'll invest in training, you'll do it when it's difficult - you'll do it until you're good at it, and then some!

(2). confusing avocations with vocations.

so you've made your lists and discovered you love running, law, reading and basket weaving. now you've scratching your head, puzzling over how to combine all of these aspects into one job. don't worry - you don't have to.

believing your job has to satisfy the whole you is a common source of career error. mind you, this does not mean you can't love your job - you can just have a whole heap of activities and hobbies (avocations) on top of it.

for example, you may love to dance but you know you can't earn enough dancing as a career. dance, then, is a great avocation for you. you can continue to dance for fun, but separately from your day job.

(3). confusing one aspect of a job with the whole job.

what you like to do doesn't have to the primary thing you do. often people over-identify with the thing they like to do - believing they must become it instead of doing it.

a common example is someone who likes to write. instead of looking for opportunities to do writing, he thinks he has to become a writer. he only pursues writing-only careers like novelist, journalist or copyrighter, when instead, he could have looked into being a minister, public relations assistant, editor or government lobbyist.

4 university student career

no matter you were just make great strides forward the university school gate new student, or was is rushing about yu gezhong to advertise for the meeting the graduate, to the oneself itself correct localization, planned own professional direction, determined own goal, and then made the corresponding endeavor, all was imperative is precisely the source to this, "the university student professional profession plan" this idea is has the positive sense .

freshman class for probe time: wanted to be preliminary has dismissed from office the enhancement interpersonal communication ability. the big study duty is not heavy, should participate in the school activity, the increase exchange technique do not have blindly to participate .

the second year for the direction detection ld consider whether the future will pursue advanced studies or the employment, through group and so on participation student association or mass organization green will exercise own can the potential simultaneously examine own knowledge enhance own sense of responsibility, the initiative and suffers setbacks the ability, and will start auxiliary to have the choice to repair other specialized knowledge to fill oneself .

three grades approach the graduation for the sprint, the goal should lock in the enhancement seek employment the technique □collection company information, and determined whether oneself has to take exams for postgraduate schools. had positively to exercise oneself obtains independently solves the question ability and the creation impositive general knowledge and joins the alumnus net green understanding old times to seek employment the situation; the hope goes abroad to study study □may contact studies abroad consultant, the participation studies abroad the series activity .

four grades should lock for the split up □goal in the work apply and succeed in the employment by now might first prepare to previous three years to make a summary: whether first examines oneself already professional goal ming?qian which establishes three years preparation is whether full; after then starts shanghai which the graduation works to shift positively participates in the employment advertise activity, examines own accumulation and □□preparing a lesson or the simulation in the practice interviews. positively uses the condition which the school provides, the strengthening seeks employment the technique □to carry on the simulation to interview and so on to teach green makes the full preparation as far as possible.

when the university student carries on the professional profession plan, must oneself carry on the development localization, according to own ability, the design suits own goal, must have a different plan in the length different time, otherwise only is fantasizes, not realistic. in the design process must by oneself primarily, not have to think oneself infallible, simultaneously must refer expert opinion's, lets design realistically, but operational is strong, best draws support from the regular specialized organization .

in brief, the science reasonable professional profession plan is the essential work which each university student gets employed, also is in each university student professional profession developing process inevitably request. our each people all should know oneself suitablly makes any, as well as how achieves own goal .

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