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如何準備英語演講稿

如何準備英語演講稿

1.根據聽眾對象,注意演講的總體措詞

如何準備英語演講稿

演講的總體措詞是嚴肅一些還是活潑一些,是有較明顯的説教口氣還是用平等的口吻,等等,都要根據聽眾對象而定。如果場下聽眾是同齡的學生,那麼演講的內容只要風趣一些往往就能引起共鳴。但另一方面,如果聽眾大多是上了年紀的教師,太多的笑料反而會被認為“不嚴肅”,“不尊重”,而引起反感。

用英語演講,不要用太多 I feel, I think,老是用I,顯得十分主觀,狹隘。如果通篇全是 I feel, I

think 的內容,會給人覺得缺乏説服力。另外,perhaps, maybe

這樣的詞語,雖然有“客氣,謙虛”的成分,但太多會讓人覺得你演講的內容有不可靠之處。

還有,在演講中,要少用you,多用we。用you等於把自己與聽眾對立起來,而用we則拉近了與聽眾的距離。比如:You

should not smoke.聽上去像教訓人,而 Let's not smoke聽起來是一個不錯的建議。

2.演講要越短越好

英語演講應該簡潔扼要,直截了當。除非特別需要,一般不要採用中文中的那種迂迴曲折的表達形式。據有關專家統計,一般人的注意力一次只能集中約13分鐘。所以,演講長度以10~15分鐘為宜。下面是美國總統林肯所作的著名的蓋茨堡演説,雖然全文只有短短200多個詞,卻帶有振奮人心、扭轉乾坤般的力量。其中

of the people, by the people, for the

people(民有,民治,民享)已成為不朽佳句。對於中學生來説,這篇演講現在讀起來一定會覺得很難,但要寫好英語演講,這確實是值得認真研讀的經典之作。

Gettysburg Address

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on

this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and

dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that

nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long

endure.

We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to

dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting-place for

those who here gave their lives that the nation might live. It

is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But

in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we

cannot hallow this ground.

The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have

consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.

The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say

here, but it can never forget what they did here.

It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the

unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so

nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to

the great task remaining before us, ----that from these

honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for

which they gave the last full measure of devotion, ----that we

here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in

vain, ----that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth

of freedom, ----and that government of the people, by the

people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

其實,我們中學生練習寫演講稿,可以短些,從4~5分鐘,500~600個詞,圍繞一個主題開始練習。

3.英語演講稿的基本組成部分

從大的方面看,英語演講詞實際上是屬於一種特殊的説明文或議論文,其基本組成部分是:

1)開始時對聽眾的稱呼語

最常用的是 Ladies and gentlemen,也可根據不同情況,選用 Fellow students,

Distinguished guests, Mr Chairman, Honorable Judges(評委)等等。

2)提出論題

由於演講的時間限制,必須開門見山,提出論題。提出論題的方法有各種各樣,但最生動,最能引起注意的是用舉例法。比如:你要呼籲大家關心貧窮地區的孩子,你可以用親眼看到的或者收集到的那些貧窮孩子多麼需要幫助的實例開始。另外,用具體的統計數據也是一個有效的引出論題的方法,比如:你要談遵守交通規則的話題,你可以從舉一系列有關車輛、車禍等的數據開始。

3)論證

對提出的論題,不可主觀地妄下結論,而要進行客觀的論證。這是演講中最需要下功夫的部分。關鍵是要把道理講清楚。常見的論證方法有舉例法、因果法、對比法等等,可參見英語議論文的有關章節。

4)結論

結論要簡明扼要,以給聽眾留下深刻印象。

5)結尾

結尾要簡潔,不要拉拉扯扯,説個沒完。特別是不要受漢語影響,説些類似“準備不足,請諒解”,“請批評指正”這樣的廢話。最普通的結尾就是:Thank

you very much for your attention。

4.英語演講稿的語言特徵

1)多用實詞,多用短句,少用結構複雜的長句

在英語演講中,and, but, so, then 等虛詞要儘量少用,that, which

等詞引導的定語從句也只會使句子結構變得複雜,而使聽眾難以跟上演講者的思路,從而影響演講的效果。相反,多使用實詞,短句,可使得演講內容更清晰,氣勢更磅礴。

2)演講要注意使用各種修辭手法,增加演講的感染力和氣勢。英語演講中常用的修辭手法有:漸進(climax)、對照(antithesis)、排比(parallelism)、警句(epigram)等等,例如:

That government of the people, by the people, for the people

shall not perish from the earth.(排比)

這個民有、民治、民享的國家將不會從地球上消失。

United, there is little we can not do; divided, there is

little we can do.(對照)

團結,我們便將無所不能;分裂,我們則會一事無成。

Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that

we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship,

support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and

the success of liberty. (對照和漸進)

讓世界各國都知道,無論對我們懷有好感與敵意,我們將付出任何代價,肩負任何重任,面對任何艱辛,支持任何朋友,反對任何敵人,以確保自由的生存與成功。

What we should fear most is the fear itself.(警句)

我們最應恐懼的是恐懼本身。

Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do

for your country.(對照)

不要問你們的國家能為你們做些什麼,而要問你們能為你們的國家做些什麼。

設想一下,假如在我們的演講中能融入上述這樣運用得當的修辭手段,那我們的演講將會變得多麼有力與動人

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