TED英語演講：誰有Blackberry手機

最簡易的手機是最聰慧的嗎?當世界其他地方的人們在智能手機上更新狀態和玩遊戲的時候，非洲的一羣人正在開發新技術，使用短信服務來解決日常問題。新聞工作者託比·夏普沙克這樣説道。在這個令人大開眼界的演説中，夏普沙克帶領觀眾們探索了非洲最前沿的移動技術發明，他同時呼籲大家重新考慮我們對創新的臆想。下面是小編為大家收集關於TED英語演講：誰有Blackberry手機，歡迎借鑑參考。

演説者：Toby Shapshak

演講稿

Let me start by asking you a question, just with a show of hands: Who has an iPhone? Who has an Android phone? Who has a Blackberry? Who will admit in public to having a Blackberry?

在開始演説前，請讓我問你們一個問題，請舉手回答：誰有蘋果手機?誰有安卓系統手機?誰有黑莓手機?誰會在公眾面前承認自己有黑莓呢?

And let me guess, how many of you, when you arrived here, like me, went and bought a pay-as-you-go SIM card? Yeah? I'll bet you didn't even know you're using African technology. Pay-as-you-go was a technology, or an idea, pioneered in Africa by a company called Vodacom a good 15 years ago, and now, like franchising, pay-as-you-go is one of the most dominant forces of economic activity in the world.

讓我猜猜，你們中有多少人在到達這裏的時候，像我一樣，去購買了預付費的手機卡?我敢打賭你甚至不知道你正在使用的這項技術來自非洲。預付費手機卡這種技術，或者説這個創意是非洲的一個名為沃達康的公司在20xx年前率先使用的，現在，就像特許經營一樣，預付費是全球範圍內最主導的經濟活動。

So I'm going to talk about innovation in Africa, which I think is the purest form, innovation out of necessity. But first, I'm going to ask you some other questions. You don't have to put your hands up. These are rhetorical.

所以我想要談一談在非洲的創新活動，我認為這樣的創新活動是以一種最純粹的方式在進行着，那就是因為要滿足需求而創新。但首先，我要問你一些問題。你不需要舉手。這些都只是修辭。

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Why did Nikola Tesla have to invent the alternating current that powers the lights in this building or the city that we're in?

s been my passion .

為什麼尼古拉·特斯拉要發明能替代當前電力的能源在我們居住的這棟樓或這個城市?

Why did Henry Ford have to invent the production line to produce these Fords that came in anything as long as they were black?

為什麼亨利·福特要發明生產流水線來製造這些東西，顧客可以選擇任何顏色，只要是黑色的?(福特名言)

And why did Eric Merrifield have to invent the dolos? Blank stares. That is what a dolos looks like, and in the background, you can see Robben Island. This is a small dolos, and Eric Merrifield is the most famous inventor you've never heard of. In 1963, a storm ripped up the harbor in a small South African town called East London, and while he was watching his kids playing with toys made from oxen bones called dolosse, he had the idea for this. It's a bit like a huge jumping jack, and they have used this in every harbor in the world as a breakwater. The global shipping economy would not be possible without African technology like this.

為什麼艾瑞克·梅里菲爾德要發明扭工字塊體?面無表情。這就是扭工字塊體的樣子，你可以看到背景中的是羅本島。這是小的扭工字塊體和艾瑞克·梅里菲爾德是你沒聽説過的、最著名的發明家。1963年，一場暴風雨席捲港口在南非的一個名叫東倫敦的小鎮，當他看到孩子們玩着用牛骨頭製作的叫扭工字塊的玩具，他有了靈感。它有點像一個巨大的開合跳，世界上的每個港口都用這個來搭建防波堤。沒有這樣的非洲技術，全球航運經濟就不可能實現。

So whenever you talk about Africa, you have to put up this picture of the world from space, and people go, "Look, it's the Dark Continent." Actually, it isn't. What it is is a map of innovation. And it's really easy to see where innovation's going on. All the places with lots of electricity, it isn't. (Laughter) (Applause) And the reason it isn't is because everybody's watching television or playing Angry Birds.

所以每當你談到非洲，展示這張從太空拍攝的地球圖片，人們會説，"你看，那是黑暗的大陸"實際上，它不是。這是一張創新地圖。你很容易就能看到創新的地方在哪裏，它並不是那些電力充足的亮光之處。因為住在亮光之處的每個人都在看電視，或玩憤怒的小鳥。

So where it's happening is in Africa. Now, this is real innovation, not the way people have expropriated the word to talk about launching new products. This is real innovation, and I define it as problem-solving. People are solving real problems in Africa. Why? Because we have to. Because we have real problems. And when we solve real problems for people, we solve them for the rest of the world at the same time.

創新的地方在非洲。這才是真正的創新，不是人們徵用“創新”這個詞來談論推出的新產品。這是真正的創新，我將它定義為解決問題的創新。在非洲，人們在解決真正的問題。為什麼呢?因為我們必須這樣做。因為我們有真正的麻煩。當我們為人民解決實際問題的時候，我們為世界其他地區的人們，在同一時間解決了同樣的問題。

So in California, everybody's really excited about a little square of plastic that you plug into a phone and you can swipe your credit card, and people say, "We've liberated the credit card from the point of sale terminal." Fantastic. Why do you even need a credit card? In Africa, we've been doing that for years, and we've been doing it on phones like this. This is a picture I took at a place called Kitengela, about an hour south of Nairobi, and the thing that's so remarkable about the payment system that's been pioneered in Africa called M-Pesa is that it works on phones like this. It works on every single phone possible, because it uses SMS. You can pay bills with it, you can buy your groceries, you can pay your kids' school fees, and I'm told you can even bribe customs officials. (Laughter) Something like 25 million dollars a day is transacted through M-Pesa. Forty percent of Kenya's GDP moves through M-Pesa using phones like this.

在加利福尼亞州，每個人都很興奮於一個可以插進電話的塑料小方塊。你可以使用這個工具刷你的信用卡，人們説，"我們已經從銷售終端解放了信用卡"。很好。但為什麼你還需要一張信用卡?在非洲，我們做這個很多年了，並且我們在像這樣的手機上使用它。這是我在基坦吉拉照的一張照片，基坦吉拉位於內羅畢南部約一小時路途處，對支付系統做出舉世矚目貢獻的是非洲率先使用的移動銀行移動銀行可以在這樣的手機上都可以使用。它適用於幾乎每個電話，因為它適用短信服務。你可以用它支付賬單，你可以用它購買食品，你可以用它支付孩子的學費，有人告訴我，你甚至可以用它賄賂海關官員。(笑聲)每天約有2500萬美金通過移動銀行交易處理。佔肯尼亞國內生產總值的40%，在這樣的手機上，通過移動銀行流動。

And you think this is just a feature phone. Actually it's the smartphone of Africa. It's also a radio, and it's also a torch, and more than anything else, it has really superb battery life. Why? Because that's what we need. We have really severe energy problems in Africa. By the way, you can update Facebook and send Gmail from a phone like this.

你以為這只是一隻功能手機。實際上它是非洲的智慧型手機。它也是一台收音機，它也是一個火把，最重要的是，它有超長的電池壽命。為什麼呢?因為那是我們真正需要的。在非洲我們有很嚴重的能源問題。順便説一下，用這樣的手機，你可以更新臉書，從谷歌郵箱發送郵件。

So we have found a way to use the available technology to send money via M-Pesa, which is a bit like a check system for the mobile age. I come from Johannesburg, which is a mining town. It's built on gold. This is a picture I Instagrammed earlier. And the difference today is that the gold of today is mobile. If you think about the railroad system in North America and how that worked, first came the infrastructure, then came the industry around it, the brothels -- it's a bit like the Internet today, right? — and everything else that worked with it: bars, saloons, etc. The gold of today is mobile, and mobile is the enabler that makes all of this possible.

我們找到了一種方式運用現有技術，通過移動銀行匯錢，這就有類似於移動時代的檢測系統。我來自約翰內斯堡，這是一個採礦小鎮。它建立於黃金開採上。這張照片是我較早前發佈的照片分享。現如今，區別在於，移動設備是黃金。如果你思考一下北美的鐵路系統以及它是如何運作的，首先想到的是基礎設施，然後是周邊的工業，妓院--它有點像今天的互聯網，對嗎?--同與它共事的一切：酒吧、會客廳等。今天的移動設備技術就是金子，移動技術使這一切成為可能。

So what are some of the things that you can do with it? Well, this is by a guy called Bright Simons from Ghana, and what you do is you take medication, something that some people might spend their entire month's salary on, and you scratch off the code, and you send that to an SMS number, and it tells you if that is legitimate or if it's expired. Really simple, really effective, really life-saving. In Kenya, there's a service called iCow, which just sends you really important information about how to look after your dairy. The dairy business in Kenya is a $463 million business, and the difference between a subsistence farmer and an abundance farmer is only a couple of liters of milk a day. And if you can do that, you can rise out of poverty. Really simple, using a basic phone. If you don't have electricity, no problem! We'll just make it out of old bicycle parts using a windmill, as William Kamkwamba did. There's another great African that you've heard that's busy disrupting the automobile industry in the world. He's also finding a way to reinvent solar power and the electricity industry in North America, and if he's lucky, he'll get us to Mars, hopefully in my lifetime. He comes from Pretoria, the capital of [South Africa], about 50 kilometers from where I live. So back to Joburg, which is sometimes called Egoli, which means City of Gold. And not only is mobile the gold of today, I don't believe that the gold is under the ground. I believe we are the gold. Like you've heard the other economists say, we are at the point where China was when its boom years began, and that's where we're going.

你可還能做什麼事情呢?嗯，這是由來自加納的布萊特·西蒙斯所發明的東西，在你吃藥之前，對某些人來説，這些藥可能花費了他們整個月的工資，你刮掉代碼，將代碼用短信發送到一個號碼，它會回覆告訴你這藥品是否合法或者，是否過期。真的很簡單，真的很有效，真正能拯救生命。在肯尼亞，有一項服務名叫“iCow”，它給你發送關於如何飼養照顧奶牛的重要信息。在肯尼亞，乳品業是一個產值四億六千三百萬的行業，區別一個勉強餬口的農民和富裕農民的只是一天多出產的幾升牛奶。如果你能做到，你就可以擺脱貧困。真的很簡單，使用最基本的電話。即使你沒有電也沒問題!我們就使用舊自行車的零件製作它使用風車，就像威廉·凱門卡巴一樣。你聽説過的另一位偉大的非洲公民忙於擾亂世界汽車行業。他也找到一種徹底改造北美太陽能和北電力工業的方法，如果他幸運的話，他會幫我們到達火星，希望那能在我有生之年完成。他來自比勒陀利亞，[南非]的首都距離我的住處約50公里。回到約翰內斯堡的話題，約翰內斯堡有時被稱為Egoli，意為黃金城。今天所指的黃金可不只限於移動技術，我不相信地面之下藴藏黃金。我相信，我們就是黃金。其他經濟學家們説過，我們正處在中國經濟騰飛伊始的那一刻，而這正是我們前進的方向。

So, you hear the West talk about innovation at the edge. Well, of course it's happening at the edge, because in the middle, everybody's updating Facebook, or worse still, they're trying to understand Facebook's privacy settings. (Laughter) This is not that catchy catchphrase. This is innovation over the edge.

你聽到西方總在談邊緣創新。嗯，當然它發生在邊緣，因為在中間的大夥都在更新臉書，或更糟糕的是，他們想了解臉書的隱私設置。(笑聲)這不是那朗朗上口的口號。這是超越極限的創新。

So, people like to call Africa a mobile-first continent, but actually it's mobile-only, so while everybody else is doing all of those things, we're solving the world's problems. So there's only one thing left to say.

因此，人們喜歡稱非洲為“移動先行大陸”但實際上它是“只有移動”，所以當別人在做所有這些事情的時候，我們在解決世界的問題。最後要説的是。

["You're welcome"]

["歡迎你"]