信息檢索課程實習報告

信息檢索課程實習報告：一、 序言部分實習題目：櫃枱交易及其交易模式及流程學生姓名：熊炎波（01083094）分工內容：制定檢索策略，選擇檢索入口詞，並對檢索入口詞進行修正檢索，選擇ABI（商業信息數據庫）進行檢索，並選擇檢索結果進行翻譯,並編寫綜述。檢索系統：ABI（商業信息數據庫）數據庫名稱：ABI（商業信息數據庫），具體應用的是數據庫是： Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry(第1—13篇) Business-ProQuest Asian Business（第14—20篇） 二、檢索策略部分：課題分析：“櫃枱交易及其交易模式及流程”有兩部分構成，一部分是櫃枱交易，櫃枱交易的交易模式及流程。櫃枱交易又稱場外交易是證券交易的一種方式，是經濟金融學研究的一種課題。針對本課題的檢索，應從“櫃枱交易”一詞入手，然後通過二次檢索獲得關於“櫃枱交易及其交易模式及流程”的有關論文。檢索系統的選擇：圖書館網絡數據庫在線檢索系統——ABI商業信息數據庫數據庫的選擇：ABI商業信息數據庫——Multiple databases, Business-ABI/Inform Trade&Industry, Business-Proquest Asin Business,Business Source Premier (BSP)檢索詞的分析與選擇：櫃枱交易在英文中稱為 Over the Counter transaction , 在金融專業術語中常簡稱為 OTC，因此應以 OTC 或 Over the Counter transaction， counter transaction(櫃枱交易) 作為檢索入口詞（關鍵詞）進行基本檢索，然後對檢索結果以 model OR mode（模式） 和 flow，procedure OR program（流程）作為二次檢索的入口詞。檢索式的構建：SUB(Over the counter transaction) AND LA(English)，SUB（model OR mode）AND SUB(flow OR procedure OR program )檢索策略調整：主要是對檢索入口詞調整 , 開始始選擇的是以Over the Counter trading 作為第一次檢索的入口詞，後來經過調整，改為下列入口詞：Counter transaction (櫃枱交易)Over the Counter transaction(櫃枱交易) Counter transaction model(櫃枱交易模式)Counter transaction flow(櫃枱交易流程)三、 檢索結果及文摘翻譯：所用的數據庫：ABI（商業信息數據庫）—— Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry(第1—13篇)ABI（商業信息數據庫）——Business-ProQuest Asian Business（第14—20篇）檢索的時間範圍是：All dates檢索結果列出：（1——13）篇：1、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：New pvt banks set to hike transaction fees文摘（Abstract）：Another approach that is being mulled is of 'zero balance accounts with a fee for each transaction or enquiry'. This would mean that the customer need not maintain any balance in the account but instead pay a charge for each account statement, check on balance amount, ATM withdrawal and over the counter ers thrown by bankers explain the logic: a branch transaction costs the bank the most at Rs 75, an ATM transaction costs Rs 12, the call centre costs Rs 10 and the Internet the least at Rs HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank charges are already in place for frequent ATM withdrawals in case the minimum account balance is not maintained. Recently ICICI Bank imposed a fee for cash deposits in non-host branches. Host branch is the particular branch in which the customer's account is maintained譯文：正被仔細考慮的另一種方法具有'對每筆交易來説具有零平衡帳户的費用的功能。 這將意味着用户不必再保持帳户的平衡，而是改為支付每份帳單的費用， 檢查差額，ATM 收回，和在櫃枱交易上方。 銀行家扔的數目解釋邏輯： 一分支交易費用銀行最多在Rs 75， 一台ATM 交易費用Rs 12，電話中心在Rs 2花費Rs 10 和因特網最小。 在HDFC銀行和ICICI銀行控告已經在適當的位置適合最小帳户結餘沒保持如果的頻繁的ATM 收回。 最近ICICI銀行在非總部為現金付款存款強加一項費用。 總部是用户的賬被保持的特別的分部刊名及卷、期數：Sunday nai:Mar 10, .12、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：East West Bank rolls out new car financing program文摘（Abstract）：Repayment is convenient with the issuance of postdated checks, automatic debit arrangement or over-the-counter transaction at any of East West Bank's 55 Personalized Banking Centers (PBC).譯文： 償還帳款對推遲日期的審查， 自動借方安排或者櫃枱交易在東部西岸的55個性化的銀行中心(PBC) 中任何人來説都顯的很便利。刊名及卷、期數：la: Mar 8, .13、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：SEC set to release alternative trade rules文摘（Abstract）：If the SEC gets a favorable BIR ruling, the alternative electronic trading system will be treated as an informal exchange and trades will only be charged a tax rate of one and one-half percent per transaction just like in the bourse. If the BIR will not consider that, then securities traded electronically will be considered as an over-the-counter transaction and will have to be charged a 10% capital gains tax.譯文： 如果證交會得到有利的BIR制約， 這個選擇電子貿易系統 將被看作一次非正式交換，貿易只將被正如在證券交易所一樣收費一個每交易百分之一個半的税率。 如果BIR 將不考慮那， 然後通過電子買賣的證券將被認為是一次櫃枱交易並且必須被收費10%的資本收益税。作者及單位名稱：Leilani M. Gallardo刊名及卷、期數：la:Dec 23, .14、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：Solon evaded taxes?文摘（Abstract）：Sen. Renato L Cayetano conducted himself unethically by acquiring his shares of stock in BW Resources Inc. through ove譯文： 參議員Renato L Cayetano通過通過櫃枱交易在BW 資源股份有限公司獲得他的股份引導他自己unethically，參議院少數派昨天説。作者及單位名稱：Cayetano, Renato L刊名及卷、期數：la:Jan 16, .15、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：SPECIAL FEATURE: Cashless Spending: A lifestyle card with practical uses文摘（Abstract）：Diners Club Philippines operates under the franchise of Security Diners International Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Security Bank. Unlike other contenders in the market today, it offers personalized service to its clients. As its brand suggests, Diners Club provides cardholders a sense of belonging to an exclusive organization. "We have a personalized approach, unlike other card companies wherein all you are is a card number," said Ronald Bibonia, first vice president for business development of Diners Club Philippines. "We keep track of our clients almost on an individual basis."Aside from insurance, Diners Club also provides its clients an array of services and privileges. With Club Cash, for instance, cardholders can avail of up to 50% available credit line which can be accessed via the ATM or over-the-counter transactions at the Diners Club Centre, Security Bank and Pilipinas Bank branches, and select Cashlink and Bancnet ATMs. Utility bills, on the other hand, can be settled through the Club Bill Connection facility. This enables cardholders to pay electric bills, Internet subscription, phone bills and the like by just enrolling these services to their Diners Club than these services, Diners Club takes pride in offering Club members free access to exclusive airport and business lounges in major cities worldwide through the Club Lounges facility. One doesn't have to be a gold cardholder or a member of the frequent buyer program of an airline to enjoy luxuries such as free buffet or the use of private toilets and bath. Club members are welcome to all these facilities by just presenting their Diners Club International card. "Other people would have to pay to have access to those lounges or maybe don't get the chance to enter," said Mr. [Patrick Carlos]. "B譯文：菲律賓就餐者俱樂部有安全就餐者多國合作的特許權，並且在一個安全銀行的全資子公司下經營。 與今天市場上其他競爭者不同，它給它的客户提供個性化的服務。作為其品牌建議，就餐者俱樂部為持卡人提供一個屬於一個專有的組織的感覺。 "我們讓個性化接近， 與你的全部是一個卡片號碼的其他卡片公司不同" ，羅納德Bibonia，首先就餐者俱樂部菲律賓的商業發展的副總統説。 " 我們在一個個人的基礎上幾乎跟蹤我們的客户"。 除了保險，就餐者俱樂部也為它的客户提供一系列服務和特權。 例如，有現金俱樂部，持卡人能用處的50% 可得到信貸限額的，那個可能通過ATM 或者櫃枱交易在就餐者俱樂部中心事物，保安銀行和Pilipinas銀行分行訪問，和選擇Cashlink 和Bancnet自動提款機。 效用賬單， 另一方面，可能被通過俱樂部議案連接設備解決。 這使持卡人能夠通過剛剛把這些服務登記到他們的就餐者俱樂部卡片支付電的賬單，因特網訂購，電話賬單等等。更多的服務是， 就餐者俱樂部對提供俱樂部成員免費參與專有飛機場和生意休息室在通過俱樂部休息室設備全世界的主要城市感到自豪。 一個人不必是 一黃金持卡人或者一頻繁購買者享有奢侈品象免費打擊或者私人洗手間和洗澡的使用那樣的一航空公司的計劃的成員。 俱樂部成員通過剛剛為他們的就餐者俱樂部提出國際卡片可以隨意使用這些設備。 " 其他人必須支付能進入那些休息室或者或許不得到進入的機會"，帕特里克·卡洛斯先生説" 。但是正從飛行到飛行等轉變的就餐者俱樂部成員實際上能呆在家裏並且很舒適"。作者及單位名稱：ANN KATHLEEN M. JABSON Diners Club International (NAICS:813990)

刊名及卷、期數：la:Mar 30, .16、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：SPECIAL FEATURE: e-Revolution: Union Bank makes mark in electronic marketplace文摘（Abstract）：PCIBank gives Smart's customers more choices in settling their bills; they can pay via over-the-counter transactions or through two modes of PCIBank FASTPay - if they are PCIBank FASTeller International ATM cardholders, through the automatic debit arrangement (ADA), or FASTPay which is available in over 200 of PCIBank's FASTeller International ATMs or almost 1,000 BancNet- member ATMs nationwide. FASTPay via PCIBank FASTPhone, another convenient bills payment mode, will be available before the end of the year.譯文： PCIBank在付賬方面給聰敏的用户更多的選擇； 他們能通過櫃枱交易或者通過PCIBank FASTPay的兩種方式支付 - 如果他們是PCIBank FASTeller 國際ATM 持卡人， 通過自動的借方安排(埃達) ，或者FASTPay，在超過全國性的PCIBank的FASTeller 國際自動提款機或者將近1，000台BancNet 成員自動提款機中的200台可提供。 通過PCIBank FASTPhone的FASTPay，另一種便利的賬單支付方式，在年底之前將是可得到的。作者及單位名稱：Ortiz, Justo刊名及卷、期數：la:Mar 30, .17、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：BUSINESSWORLD (PHILIPPINES): Brokers in stock rigging mess deny wrongdoing (Not aware of any anomalies, they said)文摘（Abstract）：On charges that it participated in over-the-counter transactions, Securities XX said OTC deals are not illegal but "merely regulated by law." It said Mr. Tan opened his account with the firm in May 1997 with a "safekeeping agreement" or a pact with the firm that it will act as custodian of his (Mr. Tan's) shares. express orders and instructions of Mr. Tan."Based on the complaint of the SEC filed at the Department of Justice (DoJ) last March, Mr. Tan and other BW officials resorted to a classic stock price manipulation technique called wash corporate watchdog presented evidence at the Justice department supposedly proving Aurora, and brokerage firms PNB Securities, Inc., Mark Securities, Belson Securities, Inc. and Securities XX allowed Mr. Tan to skirt Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) rules to jack up trading volume and price of BW.譯文： 在費用上它參加櫃枱交易，XX上述OTC 分派的證券不不合法，但是"僅僅以法律管理"。 它説 Tan 先生在1997 5月與公司由於一"保管同意"或者一個條約與公司打開他賬户 將擔任他的(Tan先生) 的股票的保管人。 表示Tan先生的命令和指示。 "基於去年3月在司法部(DoJ)正式提出的證交會的抱怨， Tan先生和其他BW 官員常去一種最優秀股票價格操作技術叫洗銷售。 公司的監管人在司法部根據推測證明極光提出證據， 以及經紀人事務所PNB證券， 股份有限公司， 馬克證券， 貝爾森證券股份有限公司和證券XX 允許先生Tan 給裙子頂起成交量和BW的價格的菲律賓證券交易所(PSE) 規章。作者及單位名稱：Tan, Dante T,Juan, Jimmy刊名及卷、期數：la:May 12, .18、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：Close watch on money transfer文摘（Abstract）：The move initiated by the Economic Planning and Development, Department of the Ministry of Finance stipulates that all over the counter transactions to foreign countries be recorded in a special form called "Form P1" as from January says that under the Statistics Act, Chapter 81 from Laws of Brunei Darussalam, every remitter is requested to complete all the required information譯文：因為經濟計劃和發展而起動的行動， 財政部規定遍及對外國的櫃枱交易被以一個特殊形式記錄自1月1日起被稱作‘FROM P1’。 它説那在統計下面行動，來自文萊達魯薩蘭國的法律的第81章，每位匯款人被請求完成全部被要求的信息作者及單位名稱：Cayetano, Renato L刊名及卷、期數: The Borneo a Belait:Jan 9, .19、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：SPECIAL FEATURE: Mobile Phones: More efficient billing and collection services for cellphone operators文摘（Abstract）：PCIBank gives Smart's customers more choices in settling their bills; they can pay via over-the-counter transactions or through two modes of PCIBank FASTPay - if they are PCIBank FASTeller International ATM cardholders, through the automatic debit arrangement (ADA), or FASTPay which is available in over 200 of PCIBank's FASTeller International ATMs or almost 1,000 BancNet- member ATMs nationwide. FASTPay via PCIBank FASTPhone, another convenient bills payment mode, will be available before the end of the year.譯文：PCIBank在付賬方面給精明的用户更多的選擇； 他們能通過櫃枱交易或者通過PCIBank FASTPay的兩種方式支付 - 如果他們是PCIBank FASTeller 國際ATM 持卡人， 通過自動的借方安排(埃達) ，或者FASTPay，在超過全國性的PCIBank的FASTeller 國際自動提款機或者將近1，000台BancNet 成員自動提款機中的200台可提供。 通過PCIBank FASTPhone的FASTPay，另一種便利的賬單支付方式，在年底之前將是可得到的。作者及單位名稱：Bermudez, Joey A刊名及卷、期數: la:Dec 8, CIT10、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：New pvt banks set to hike transaction fees文摘（Abstract）：Another approach that is being mulled is of 'zero balance accounts with a fee for each transaction or enquiry'. This would mean that the customer need not maintain any balance in the account but instead pay a charge for each account statement, check on balance amount, ATM withdrawal and over the counter ers thrown by bankers explain the logic: a branch transaction costs the bank the most at Rs 75, an ATM transaction costs Rs 12, the call centre costs Rs 10 and the Internet the least at Rs HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank charges are already in place for frequent ATM withdrawals in case the minimum account balance is not maintained. Recently ICICI Bank imposed a fee for cash deposits in non-host branches. Host branch is the particular branch in which the customer's account is maintained.譯文：正被仔細考慮的另一種方法具有'零為每筆交易或者調查使賬與一項費用平衡'。 這將意味着用户不必保持價值為任何餘額的賬，但是改為支付每份帳單的一項費用， 檢查差額，ATM 收回，和在櫃枱交易上方。 銀行家扔的數目解釋邏輯： 一分支交易費用銀行最多在Rs 75， 一台ATM 交易費用Rs 12，電話中心在Rs 2花費Rs 10 和因特網最小。 在HDFC，銀行和ICICI銀行控告已經在適當的位置適合最小帳户結餘沒保持如果的頻繁的ATM 收回。 最近ICICI銀行在非主人的分部為現金付款存款強加一項費用。 主人分部是用户的賬被保持的特別的分部。作者及單位名稱：Cayetano, Renato L刊名及卷、期數：nai:Mar 10, .111、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：East West Bank rolls out new car financing program文摘（Abstract）：Repayment is convenient with the issuance of postdated checks, automatic debit arrangement or over-the-counter tran譯文： 償還用推遲日期的檢查的發行便利， 自動借方安排或者櫃枱交易在東部西岸的55個性化的銀行中心(PBC) 中任何人。。作者及單位名稱：Cayetano, Renato L刊名及卷、期數12、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：SPECIAL FEATURE: Cashless Spending: A lifestyle card with practical uses文摘（Abstract）：Diners Club Philippines operates under the franchise of Security Diners International Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Security Bank. Unlike other contenders in the market today, it offers personalized service to its clients. As its brand suggests, Diners Club provides cardholders a sense of belonging to an exclusive organization. "We have a personalized approach, unlike other card companies wherein all you are is a card number," said Ronald Bibonia, first vice president for business development of Diners Club Philippines. "We keep track of our clients almost on an individual basis."Aside from insurance, Diners Club also provides its clients an array of services and privileges. With Club Cash, for instance, cardholders can avail of up to 50% available credit line which can be accessed via the ATM or over-the-counter transactions at the Diners Club Centre, Security Bank and Pilipinas Bank branches, and select Cashlink and Bancnet ATMs. Utility bills, on the other hand, can be settled through the Club Bill Connection facility. This enables cardholders to pay electric bills, Internet subscription, phone bills and the like by just enrolling these services to their Diners Club than these services, Diners Club takes pride in offering Club members free access to exclusive airport and business lounges in major cities worldwide through the Club Lounges facility. One doesn't have to be a gold cardholder or a member of the frequent buyer program of an airline to enjoy luxuries such as free buffet or the use of private toilets and bath. Club members are welcome to all these facilities by just presenting their Diners Club International card. "Other people would have to pay to have access to those lounges or maybe don't get the chance to enter," said Mr. [Patrick Carlos]. "But Diners Club members who are waiting for transitions from flight to flight can actually stay in and be comfortable."譯文： 就餐者俱樂部菲律賓在安全就餐者多國合作的特許權，一個安全銀行的全資子公司下經營。 與今天的在市場的其他競爭者不同，它給它的客户提供個性化的服務。 它的品牌建議當時，就餐者俱樂部為持卡人提供一個屬於一個專有的組織的感覺。 "我們讓個性化接近， 與你的全部是一個卡片號碼的其他卡片公司不同" ，羅納德Bibonia，首先就餐者俱樂部菲律賓的商業發展的副總統説。 " 我們在一個個人的基礎上幾乎跟蹤我們的客户"。 除了保險，就餐者俱樂部也為它的客户提供一系列服務和特權。 有現金俱樂部，例如，持卡人能用處最多50% 可得到信貸限額， 哪個可能通過ATM 或者櫃枱交易在就餐者俱樂部中心事物，保安銀行和Pilipinas銀行樹枝訪問，和選擇Cashlink 和Bancnet自動提款機。 效用賬單， 另一方面，可能被通過俱樂部議案連接設備解決。 這使持卡人能夠通過剛剛把這些服務登記到他們的就餐者俱樂部卡片支付電的賬單，因特網訂購，電話賬單等等。 多於這些服務， 就餐者俱樂部對提供俱樂部成員免費參與專有飛機場和生意休息室在通過俱樂部休息室設備全世界的主要城市感到自豪。 一個人不必是 一黃金持卡人或者一頻繁購買者享有奢侈品象免費打擊或者私人洗手間和洗澡的使用那樣的一航空公司的計劃的成員。 俱樂部成員通過剛剛為他們的就餐者俱樂部提出國際卡片可以隨意所有這些設備。 " 其他人必須支付能進入那些休息室或者或許不得到進入的機會"，先生説 [帕特里克·卡洛斯 ]. " 但是正從飛行到飛行等轉變的就餐者俱樂部成員實際上能呆在家裏並且舒適"。作者及單位名稱：ANN KATHLEEN M. JABSON刊名及卷、期數：la:Mar 30, .113、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business –ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：New laws to boost Egyptian bond market文摘（Abstract）：The Egyptian bond market looks poised to expand, with huge increases anticipated in primary and secondary market activity, following the release of government decrees which allow investment houses and brokers to make markets and perform over-the-counter transactions. Until now, Egypt lacked a liquid secondary market, with all transactions having to take place through the stock exchange.譯文：埃及債券市場看平衡擴大， 由於巨大的增加在主要和二級市場活動方面預期， 繼允許投資公司和經紀人做市場並且進行櫃枱交易的政府法令的發行之後。 直到現在，埃及缺乏一液體次要市場，全部交易必須通過證券交易所發生。作者及單位名稱：Anonymous刊名及卷、期數：Emerging Markets York:Feb 28, .8,Iss.9;pg.6,1pgs（14——20）篇：14、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：Answering the call文摘（Abstract）：For credit unions, handling phone calls is a vital part of member service - so much so that many have created whole departments that do nothing but transact business by telephone. Credit unions have created call centers for a variety of reasons, ranging from member complaints to conflicting demands on member service representatives between serving customers in person and answering calls. In addition to improved member service, routing transactions to a call center can result in significant cost savings. Studies showed that over-the-counter transactions cost between $3.50 and $4.50 each, while automated and phone transactions cost between $1 and $1.50. Executives interviewed say those considering a call center should: 1. pick the right people and give them adequate training, space and equipment, 2. pick the right phone system, 3. keep transactions secure, 4. measure results both objectively and subjectively, and 5. use marketing and pricing tools to encourage call center use.譯文：對信用合作社來説，處理電話是一個成員服務的至關重要的部分 - 以致於很多已經建立除了用電話辦理生意什麼都沒做的整個部門。 信用合作社已經創造叫中心因種種原因， 從成員抱怨到在親自為用户效勞並且應答電話呼叫之間在成員維修代表身上牴觸需求的範圍內。 除改進的成員服務之外，正在運送交易到一個電話時，中心能導致顯著的成本節約。 研究顯示買賣雙方直接交易交易費用在3.50 美元和4.50 每一個元之間，當自動化時和在1 美元和1.50 美元之間的電話交易費用。 接見的執行者説那些考慮到一個電話中心應該： 1 . 挑合適的人們並且給他們足夠的訓練，空間和設備，2。 挑正確的電話系統，3。 保持交易安全，4。 既客觀又主觀測量結果，以及5。 使用銷售和鼓勵的工具定價叫中心使用。作者及單位名稱：Minderman, Dean C刊名及卷、期數：Credit Union son:Jul .18,Iss.7;pg.36,3pgs15所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：Swaps Group Urges Futures Agency to Rethink Proposals文摘（Abstract）：Publicly reported losses by municipalities and pension funds have been in transactions involving securities, not swaps, the association maintains. "At the same time, recently publicized disputes regarding swaps transactions have involved large corporations and banks that are 'eligible participants' under any definition," the association large part, the businesses of banks and other financial institutions, government-sponsored entities, and corporations that provide and use swaps and other similar over-the-counter transactions are based on the legal conclusion that these transactions are not futures contracts subject to federal futures trading laws, the association said."ISDA believes that the CFTC should avoid steps that will reverse a seven-year effort to provide legal certainty for swaps transactions, create new confusions as to the legal standards applicable to swaps, potentially render a large number of transactions void and unenforceable and undermine the continued growth of swap activity."譯文： 公開報告通過自治市和養老基金的損失在與證券有關的交易過程中，不交換，協會主張。 "同時， 最近宣佈關於交易與是' 合格參加者'在任何定義下的大公司和銀行有關的交換的爭論"，協會説。 在大的部分， 銀行和其他金融機構，政府發起的實體的生意， 以及公司， 那提供並且使用交換和其他相似櫃枱交易基於合法這些交易不是期貨簽訂須經聯邦期貨貿易法律的結論， 協會説。 "ISDA相信CFTC避免走將抵消一7 年提供給交換交易的合法確信的努力， 關於對交換適用的法律標準造成新混亂， 潛在使得許多交易無效和無法實施並且破壞交換活動的持續的增長"。刊名及卷、期數 Credit Union son:Jul .18,Iss.7;pg.36,3pgs16、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：Market Efficiency Across Securities Exchange文摘（Abstract）：The efficient market hypothesis holds that investors are aware of all information concerning prices of securities. Any new information is quickly reflected in the current prices of securities without bias. This efficient dissemination of information thus makes it impossible for investors to earn consistently superior investment returns. The hypothesis is strongly supported by studies of large investment firms on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). However, the pricing efficiencies of the American Stock Exchange (ASE), regional stock exchanges, and over-the-counter transactions are not as rigorous. From a large sample of common stock transactions, results show that securities off the NYSE are more likely to sell at prices farther away from equilibrium values than those on the NYSE. The involvement of smaller companies implies a loss of efficiency in the digestion and processing of price information. Away from the NYSE, securities tend to be underpriced, enabling investors to earn higher rates of return on short-term security trades.譯文：有效率的市場假説認為投資者知道全部關於證券的價格的信息。 任何新信息被無偏見迅速反映在證券的時價上。 信息的這有效率的傳播如此使投資者一貫掙優良的投資利潤不可能。 假説強烈大投資的研究支持堅決支持紐約證券交易所(紐約證券交易所)。 不過，美國證券交易所(ASE) 的定價效率，地區證券交易所，和櫃枱交易不那麼嚴格。 從一個普通股交易的大的樣品， 結果顯示與在紐約證券交易所上的相比較，離紐約證券交易所的證券很可能遠離平衡值以價格出售。 更小的公司的介入在消化和價格行情的處理過程中暗示效率的喪失。 離開紐約證券交易所，證券傾向於被定價過低，使投資者能夠關於短期保密貿易獲得更高的收益率。作者及單位名稱：Lease, Ronald C.,Lewellen, Wilbur G.刊名及卷、期數 ：Journal of Economics and York:.34,Iss.2;pg.17、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：A Hedge in the Future文摘（Abstract）：Financial futures (contracts to buy or sell securities at an agreed-upon price on a specified future date) offer investors various financial planning opportunities. A contract can be canceled by the buyer or seller at any time by entering an opposite contract. By hedging financial futures, financial planners can freeze portfolio values and protect clients from unfavorable interest rate fluctuations. Financial planners can use financial futures to freeze their clients' costs of borrowing by maintaining current interest rates; real estate developers find this technique advantageous. Also, financial planners can freeze clients' lending or investing rates. Examples of these applications are included. Compared to possible losses from changes in interest rates, hedging is relatively economical. Moreover, interest rates and the stock market can be predicted by financial futures since futures prices are merely expectations and, as such, can be self-fulfilling譯文：金融期貨(籤合同買或者出售在一雙方商定的價格關於一棵指定的未來日期的證券) 給投資者提供各種各樣的編制財政計劃機會。 通過輸入一份相反的合同隨時買方或者賣方可能取消一份合同。 在套頭交易金融期貨時，金融計劃者能結冰文件夾估價並且保護客户擋住不利的利率波動。 金融計劃者能使用金融期貨通過保持當今的利率凍結他們的客户的借款成本； 地產發展商發現這種技術有利。 此外，金融計劃者能凍客户借給或者投資的比率。 這些應用的例子被包括。 與來自在利率方面的變化的可能的損失相比，套頭交易相對節約。 而且，利率和那些股票交易市場可能預言金融期貨自從價格期貨在僅僅預期和，照此，可能是履行自我作者及單位名稱：Ray, Russ刊名及卷、期數：Financial York:Nov .14,Iss.11;pg.212,3pgs 18、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：East West Bank rolls out new car financing program文摘（Abstract）：Repayment is convenient with the issuance of postdated checks, automatic debit arrangement or over-the-counter transaction at any of East West Bank's 55 Personalized Banking Centers (PBC)譯文：償還用推遲日期的檢查的發行便利， 自動借方安排或者櫃枱交易在東部西岸的55個性化的銀行中心(PBC) 中任何人。刊名及卷、期數 ：la:Mar 8, .119、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：What does the future hold for shared service centers . . . if all you need is a telephone to transact business?文摘（Abstract）：In an interview, Bill Broxterman, president/CEO of Hughes Aircraft Employees Federal Credit Union, and Ray Swanson, president/CEO of CUNA Credit Union, discussed shared service centers. Both agreed that shared service centers will keep credit unions competitive, especially in the short term and especially for small credit unions. Broxterman's credit union has had little success with automated branches, having found that members prefer the human touch, but Swanson reports that electronic transactions have greatly surpassed over-the-counter transactions. He also pointed out that sometimes members do not use ATMs because they are not set up conveniently with noticeable signage. Shared service centers do present an opportunity to serve low-income neighborhoods, and they will give credit unions an on-street presence that they have lacked.譯文：在一次接見過程中，比爾Broxterman，休斯飛機僱員聯合信貸聯盟的總統/首席執行長官， 以及射線斯旺森，CUNA信用合作社的總裁/首席執行長官，討論分享的服務中心。 兩個同意那被分享的服務中心將保持信用合作社具有競爭性，特別在短時期內和特別為小的信用合作社。 Broxterman的信用合作社已經有很少的使自動化的分部成功， 已經發現成員寧願人接觸，但是斯旺森報告電子交易已經非常超過櫃枱交易。 他也指出有時成員不使用自動提款機，因為他們沒被顯著的標記方便地建立。 分享的服務中心確實提出服務於低收入的鄰近地區的一次機會， 並且他們將給信用合作社在街道上的他們已經缺乏的出席。作者及單位名稱：Johnson, Eugene刊名及卷、期數 ：Credit Union son:Jul .60,Iss.7;pg.14,4pgs20、所用數據庫名稱：ProQuest Business-ProQuest Asian Business檢索的時間範圍：All Dates論文題目（Title）：Interest in ATMs Grows Apace文摘（Abstract）：Credit unions offering share drafts are often finding that their members are demanding automated teller machine (ATM) access. Today, about 1,100 credit unions provide ATM service, and 83% of those participate in a shared network. Shared networks reduce expenses for ATM owners. For the credit unions offering ATMs, though, an average of only 20% of the members possess ATM cards. Members use ATMs primarily for cash acquisition. A credit union considering offering ATM access should: 1. Spell out goals for the program. 2. Research what other institutions in the locale are doing. 3. Aim to have 25% of members as active card holders the first year. A survey shows that about 36% of the credit unions charge fees for ATM cards. Unions that want to encourage use of ATMs rather than share-draft or over-the-counter transactions should price the service accordingly. Meanwhile, ATMs are displacing an increasing amount of checks; whether ATMs affect profits remains to be seen. 譯文：提供的信用合作社分享草稿經常發現他們成員要求自動化的出納員機器(ATM)進入。 今天，大約1，100個信用合作社提供ATM 服務，並且那些的83% 參加一個分享的網絡。 分享的網絡為ATM 擁有人節減費用。 對提供自動提款機的信用合作社來説，不過，平均只那些成員的20% 擁有ATM 卡片。 成員把主要的自動提款機用於現金獲得。 認為提供為ATM 進入的一個信用合作社應該： 1. 詳細説明計劃的目標。 2.研究在地點的其他機構正做的。 3.目的是第一年把25%的成員當作活躍的持卡者。 一次調查顯示大約信用合作社的36% 為ATM 卡片收費。 聯合想要鼓勵自動提款機的使用而不是分享草稿或者櫃枱交易因此給服務定價。 同時，自動提款機正替代增加數量的檢查； 是否自動提款機影響利潤留待被看見。作者及單位名稱：Anonymous刊名，期數：Credit Union son:Sep .51,Iss.9;pg.44,4pgs四、綜述部分：我們最後得到的檢索結果達到了將近30篇左右，相對來説，在一個數據庫裏，算是檢索比較全了；但是從檢索過程看來，整個檢索的查準率卻不高，因為在檢索過程中，我們採用的方法是逐步檢索，在第一步的基礎上進行第二步，我們第一次檢索入口詞選的是Counter transaction (櫃枱交易)，Over the Counter transaction(櫃枱交易) ，檢索的結果比較多（不同的數據庫檢索出來的結果很多），然後我們在此基礎上，採用了refine search的方法，加入了第二層檢索詞：mode or model ;Flow or procedure or program ；此時的到的檢索結果卻很令人失望，具體情況是：採用Counter transaction + mode or model + Flow or procedure or program得到的結果是0然而，Counter transaction + mode or model 得到的結果只有14 篇左右（不同的數據庫累積計算）；Counter transaction + Flow or procedure or program 得到的結果也只有10篇左右（不同的數據庫累積計算）；因此我們採用的結果就是後兩組組合方式得到的結果！在做這個檢索大作業的過程中，我們的採用的方式是三人分工協作，完成這個大作業！在個人的檢索行動中，開始面臨的是數據庫的選擇，鑑於ABI商業數據庫檢索系統擁有很多不同的數據庫，因此開始以這個為首選，進行檢索。檢索過程是比較不順利的，尤其是第一步，因為開始把入口詞沒有弄清楚，沒有找準專業入口詞，導致最後檢索不到結果，經過修正後得到了檢索結果；還有就是在逐步檢索過程中，最後的綜合結果是最打擊人的，我們將三個檢索詞綜合起來進行檢索，得到的卻是0 的結果，這讓人很受挫，讓我們不得不分開將各個檢索詞進行組合，最後得到現在的結果。 雖然檢索結果不盡人意，但是我們在做這個大作業中。卻學會了如何對各種專業文獻，論文進行檢索，如何對檢索結果進行修正，調整，達到最後比較全，比較準的結果！過程是麻煩的，辛苦的，但是最後的結果卻是讓人比較欣慰的！ 整個檢索過程，基本上是我們自己完成的，沒有得到相關老師的指導，以至於最後的結果可能與實際的結果有很大的偏差，因此為了避免這種事情的再次發生，建議老師為我們安排的輔導老師在以後的學習中，能夠認真負責，幫助學生順利地完成檢索大作業。