本科畢業論文正文格式大綱

abstract(三號)

paragraph writing is a difficulty and weak part in english and it has multiple difficulties. in recent years, with exchanges increasing in economy, politics and culture between china and the world, people have more and more opportunities to use english, such as foreign trade, business, and education activities and so on. all of these are inseparable from the english writing.

paragraph writing is an important part in english writing. it can directly affect the quality and expressiveness of the articles. paragraph writing is so important, but how could we write a paragraph well? to write a paragraph, we should follow these steps:

first, we should learn some paragraph writing skills. it includes how to grasp the topic sentence, and then how to develop the topic sentence after determining it, thus the other sentences can be connected with the topic sentence.

second, it needs a full training of paragraph writing. thus, it can accurately grasp the dynamics after training, and the paragraph development would not deviate from the topic sentence. there are seven ways to develop paragraphs, that is, examples and details, contrast, analogy, classification, definition, causality and process, etc.

finally, paragraphs developing skills should be combined with practical training to improve personal writing ability. there are many ways to paragraphs developing skills. the theme of a paragraph can be supported by specific details and causes, or by a series of examples, or by a problem-solution pattern, or by a set of sequential actions, and so on.

in conclusion, paragraph writing is very difficult, but as long as one can learn the methods and skills of paragraph writing and persists in training, it's easy to write a beautiful paragraph.

key words：paragraph writing; skills; topic sentence; development; training(3-5個)

摘 要

英文段落寫作一直是寫作中一個困難且薄弱的部分，面臨着多重困境。當前中國與世界的交流日益頻繁，人們使用英語的機會也越來越多，如各種外貿、商務、教育活動等，都離不開英語寫作。

英語段落寫作是英語寫作中重要組成部分。段落寫作這一部分寫好了，從某一方面可以直接影響到文章的質量以及文章的表現力。既然段落寫作如此重要，那麼我們怎麼樣才能寫好一個段落呢?要寫好一個段落，我們應該從以下幾個方面入手：

首先，應該掌握一些段落寫作的技巧。這些技巧包括如何把握主題句，確定主題句之後該怎樣發展這個段落，從而至其他的句子能夠互相連貫，緊扣主題。

其次，要有充分的段落寫作方面的訓練。段落寫作的訓練達到一定的量之後，才能夠準確把握髮展這個段落的力度，不至於偏離主題句。而發展段落一般手法有例子和細節、對比的、類比、分類、因果、定義和過程這七種方法。

最後，段落的展開技巧與實際的訓練結合，從而將個人寫作能力提升到一個階段。段落的展開技巧一般有段落主題藉助具體的細節和原因展開、段落主題藉助於一系列的例子展開、段落主題藉助於一系列的事情展開、段落主題藉助於問題-解決模式展開和段落展開藉助於一系列的時間順序的動作這五大方法。

總之，段落寫作雖然有難度，但是隻要能夠掌握一定的方法與技巧，並且持之以恆的訓練，想要寫好一個優美的段落並非難事。

關鍵詞：段落寫作;技巧;主題句;展開;訓練

contents

1. introduction………………………………………….………………..…………….1

2. the topic sentence……… …………………………………………….….….……..1

3. coherence ………………………………………………………………..…………3

3.1 arranging sentences………………………………………………….…………5

3.2 linking sentences by using pronouns ………….……………………….……...6

3.2.1 avoiding ambiguous references……………………………………….….6

3.2.2 avoiding remote or obscure references…………………………….….….6

3.2.3 avoiding broad references…………………………………...……….…..7

3.2.4 avoiding pronoun “it” ……………………………...………….……..…..7

4. ways to develop a paragraph…………………………………………………..……7

4.1 examples and details……………………………………………………………8

4.2 comparison and contrast………………………………………………….…….9

4.3 analogy………………………….……………………………..………….....…9

4.4 classification…………………….……………………………………...……..10

4.5 cause and effect…………….……………………………………...………….10

4.6 definition………………………………………………………………...….…11

4.7 process…………………………………………………………………………11

5. an application of paragraph writing skills in practice of the topic sentence..……12

5.1 a statement supported by specific details………………………….……….....12

5.2 a statement supported by examples………………………………………...…13

5.3 a statement supported by a list of things………………………………………14

5.4 a statement supported by a problem-solution pattern…………….………...…14

5.5 a statement supported by a set of sequential actions…….………………....…15

6. conclusion ……………………………………………………………………...…16

bibliography………………………………………………………………..…..…….17